The 21st century is undeniably dominated by technology; within it, robotics is a technology with revolutionary potential. From industrial automation to advanced healthcare, robots are increasingly used in the texture of our lives. To ensure our students are prepared for the future, we must equip our educators with the tools and knowledge to introduce robotics concepts effectively. Python, a versatile and accessible programming language, offers a fantastic entry point for teachers and students to explore the fascinating world of robotics[1]. This article is meant to provide a senior secondary school teacher with an in-depth guide on teaching elementary robotic systems using Python programming and fostering an innovation and problem-solving culture in their classrooms. As a bioinformatician and chemist with background and recent experience at the interface of AI with drug discovery, vaccine development, and diagnostics, I see robotics and Python as key technologies to the future of personalized medicine and scientific research.

Unraveling Robotics: Peeling Back the Fundamental Components

Before delving into the specifics of Python programming, there is a need to understand the fundamental building blocks of any robotic system clearly. Understanding these elements will allow instructors to provide a more appropriate class framework and plan practical work accordingly. Sensors are the robot's interface to the outside world, allowing it to perceive its environment by converting physical events into electrical signals that the robot can understand. Sensors use these signals by the robot controller when making choices and taking action. Sensors include light, distance, temperature, and touch sensors. All of them are necessary to allow the robot to engage with the world around it effectively.

Actuators regulate the actions and motion of the robot. They convert electrical signals from the controller into motion, enabling the robot to perform various tasks. Motors are common actuators that rotate wheels, arms, or other moving components; servos produce precise angular control for robot joints; LEDs provide visual feedback; and speakers emit sound. Appropriate choice and regulation of actuators must be made to enable the robot's desired performance.

The controller is the brain of the robot, its central processing unit. It receives input from the sensors, processes it, and provides output to the actuators, governing the robot's behaviour. Microcontrollers are the most commonly used controllers in robotics projects, and Arduino[2], Raspberry Pi[3], and ESP32 are some of the widely used ones. Microcontrollers can be coded in Python to govern the robot's behaviour and create innovative and responsive systems.

Python: The Programming Language of Choice for Robotics Education

The widespread adoption of Python in all robotics applications is due to the many key benefits the language possesses. The top of these are ease and readability[4]. Writing Python code in its simple and straightforward syntax guarantees it to be comprehendible, to learn, and to be utilized by novices with little or no programming experience[5]. Simple to use removes students' focus from complicated syntax and enables them to concentrate on robotics-specific principles.

Simulations and graphical user interfaces allow students to observe the robot's behaviour in a simulated environment[6]. GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) allows direct communication with hardware peripherals, allowing the microcontroller to communicate with actuators and sensors. Libraries like NumPy and SciPy deliver efficient numerical computation and scientific computing packages, which are required for data analysis and signal processing in robotics-related tasks. OpenCV is a robust computer vision library that enables robots to "see" and interpret images and videos. ROS (Robot Operating System) is a flexible framework for building advanced robot systems, providing communication, planning, and control utilities[6][7]. Combined with the simplicity of Python, these libraries make it a flexible and multi-purpose language for robotics education[8].

Python's lack of dependency on a particular platform ensures that software can be run on any platform, including Windows, macOS, and Linux, and can consequently reach a broad audience. Its availability breaks the barriers to access and allows students to use the software with which they are most comfortable. Secondly, Python has a large community of developers with numerous resources, tutorials, and web forums for assistance and collaboration[9]. This community gives the instructors and students the assistance they need to succeed in their robot projects.

Bringing Robotics to Life: Practical Projects for Senior High School Students

Practical projects are necessary to solidify theoretical concepts and stimulate students' curiosity in robotics. One such time-honoured project is the Line-Following Robot, that was also leveraged by our team at Indonesia international Institute for Life Sciences or i3L. This involves autonomously making a robot travel a black line on white ground. Students are instructed in sensor integration, reading the line through light sensors, and motor control, instructing the motors to steer the robot around the line. They are instructed in feedback loops, implementing a control system to have the robot change course by sensor input. Another interesting project is the Obstacle-Avoiding Robot, wherein students are instructed to create a robot that will go around and avoid obstacles. Under supervision of i3L team, students learn the application of distance sensors, ultrasonic or infrared sensors, for sensing obstacles and path planning, creating algorithms to determine the shortest path around the obstacles for the robot. Students learn decision-making, where decisions are made with the help of sensor inputs, and the robot is instructed to make choices accordingly.

The Bluetooth-Controlled Robot Car is another possible project to undertake: creating a robot car controlled by a computer or smartphone using Bluetooth. Through this project, students learn Bluetooth communication, setting up a Bluetooth connection between the robot and control device, and wireless control, programming the robot to respond to actions using Bluetooth reception. Students can learn how to create mobile apps to control the robot. Building soccer-playing robots is a fun robotics introduction for students. This also aligns with my short-term interest because I am interested in similar advances in AI in drug discovery. Finally, students can build a robotic arm of simplicity. This robot is remote-controlled, picking and placing objects[10].

Introducing a new subject like robotics to class can be daunting, but instructors can create an enjoyable learning experience for students by approaching it correctly. One must embrace the learning process and not be afraid to learn alongside your students[11]. Adopting a growth mindset and exhibiting problem-solving can inspire students and create a sense of collaborative learning. Learning, after all, is a lifelong endeavour, and teachers can learn from the new.

Concepts and attitudes that students bring to the classroom.

In i3L, it starts with the fundamentals. Begin with fundamental programming concepts such as variables, data types, if-else and loops[12]. Move on to advanced subjects once students are comfortable, establishing a solid foundation for advanced subjects. Breaking down complicated tasks into simple steps avoids making students feel overwhelmed. It enables them to focus on a specific portion of the project and become confident while proceeding.

Encourage the students in large numbers to support them in being successful. Provide guidance and direction to struggling students and encourage them to collaborate with other students. Collaborative learning can build a feeling of community and offer opportunities for students to gain from each other's strengths and weaknesses. Encouraging creativity and experimentation are also imperative. Make the students experiment with different ways and test their code, thereby gaining from mistakes. Iterative process learning is important for developing problem-solving skills and fostering innovation.

To make learning robotics and Python exciting, include exciting projects and challenges[13]. Use games, competitions, and real-world applications to motivate students. By associating robotics with real-world problems, educators can demonstrate the use and applicability of technology and motivate students to use their skills to make the world a better place.

Including CSR and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Robotics for a Better World

Robotics education can be an effective tool to improve Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)[5][6]. By integrating such values into the curriculum, educators can educate students to use technology to do good for society and the world[14].

Admitting students to robotics projects to solve problems confronting the world is a worthwhile approach[15]. These include climate change, poverty, hunger, and access to safe water and sanitation[16]. The ethics of robotics, such as job displacement, algorithmic bias, and abuse of autonomous technology, must be resolved for ethical innovation. As I have already stated, intellectual property and copyright have to be addressed within the scope of AI's data-scraping, and bioethics is to be handled with care and proper respect given to informed consent in use areas where it has significance.

Interaction with local communities to know life problems that could be solved if robotics were employed is also beneficial [17][18][19]. Highlighting success stories and presenting examples of robotics applications in solving environmental and social issues worldwide can inspire students. Finally, educators can establish CSR funding and support and look for chances to partner with firms whose primary area of focus is CSR to access finance, resources, and advisory services for robotics education programs[20][21].

Conclusion: Building the Future, One Robot at a Time

Instructing rudimentary robotic systems with Python coding to high school seniors is a future investment. With the training and education of educators to instruct robotics, we are developing future leaders, innovators, and problem-solvers. By implementing hands-on experiments, basic programming for young children, and a focus on CSR and SDGs, we can achieve a paradigm-shifted learning process that encourages the application of technology for the welfare of this world.

Together with focused effort from policymakers, business executives, and educators, we can establish a thriving robotics community that motivates students to pursue their passion, acquire practical skills, and contribute to creating a better, greener, and more equitable world. Let us collectively construct a brighter future, robot by robot. I see in Indonesia an immense potential for such technologies to enable firms to have personalized medicine pipelines that contribute toward furthering the country-level interests in health innovation.

Acknowledgement

Thanks also go to Muammar Sadrawi, David Agustriawan, and Nanda Rizqia Pradana from bioinformatics department of i3L for assisting, working, and strategizing with this CSR project, as well as preparing the final report to i3L research and CSR department (LPPM i3L).

References:

[1] Anastasaki, Evangelia. (2015). STEAM - Educational Robotics: Moving from Scratch to Python Programming for Advanced Students.  https://eclass.uth.gr/modules/document/file.php/CS_P_107/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82%20%CE%A8%CF%85%CF%87%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82/Anastasaki%20Evangelia%202022%20%CE%9C%CE%94%CE%95%20%CE%BC%CE%B5%20%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7%20%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B7.pdf

[2] Construct.ai. (2025) Python for Robotics - Full Course for Beginners - The Construct https://www.theconstruct.ai/robotigniteacademy_learnros/ros-courses-library/python-robotics/

[3] Stemrobo. (NA). CSR Stem And Robotics Lab Setup In Schools By Stemrobo . https://www.stemrobo.com/csr-stem-and-robotics-lab-setup-in-schools-by-stemrobo-technologies/

[4] Sepetis, Anastasios., et al. (2020) Education for the Sustainable Development and Corporate Social esponsibility in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs): Evidence from Greece. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=100139

[5] Kyslitsyn, Vitalii., et al. (2024). APPLYING THE PYTHON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE AND ARDUINO ROBOTICS KITS IN THE PROCESS OF TRAINING FUTURE TEACHERS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE. https://journals.rta.lv/index.php/ETR/article/view/8026

[6] The Construct. (2025). Learning Python for Robotics - The Construct https://www.theconstruct.ai/learning-python-robotics/

[7] Sakai, Atsushi., et al. (2018). PythonRobotics: a Python code collection of robotics algorithms https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/PythonRobotics:-a-Python-code-collection-of-Sakai-Ingram/1bf2a13b4611b4009d58c968eb9a7e1d15c8c271

[8] Experthub Robotics. (2025). Fostering Innovation: Our CSR Initiatives in Robotics Community https://experthubrobotics.com/home/corporate-social-responsibility

[9] EPC. (2024). Integrating sustainability into robotics higher education courses https://epc.ac.uk/toolkit/integrating-sustainability-into-robotics-higher-education-courses/

[10] Joseph, Lentin. (2015). Learning robotics using Python - Robohub https://robohub.org/learning-robotics-using-python/

[11] Aziz, Abdul. (2021). Learn Robotics Programming : Build and Control AI-Enabled ... https://perpus.unikama.ac.id/id/learn-robotics-programming-build-and-control-ai-enabled-autonomous-robots-using-the-raspberry-pi-and-python/

[12] STEMPEDIA. (2022).  Impact Programs for STEM, Coding, AI and Robotics Skills https://thestempedia.com/educational-csr-and-govt-impact-program-stem-coding-tinkering-ai-and-robotics/

[13] Robohub. (2015). Learning robotics using Python - https://robohub.org/learning-robotics-using-python/

[14] Unikarma, Perpus. (2021). Learn Robotics Programming : Build and Control AI-Enabled ... https://perpus.unikama.ac.id/id/learn-robotics-programming-build-and-control-ai-enabled-autonomous-robots-using-the-raspberry-pi-and-python/

[15] Robotox. (2019).  Impact Programs for STEM, Coding, AI and Robotics Skills https://thestempedia.com/educational-csr-and-govt-impact-program-stem-coding-tinkering-ai-and-robotics/

[16] Fraanje, Rufus. (2016) .Python in robotics and mechatronics education - ResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306303995_Python_in_robotics_and_mechatronics_education

[17] Acrome. (2024). Using ACROME Educational Robotic Systems with Python Programming Language. https://acrome.net/post/using-acrome-educational-robotic-systems-with-python

[18] AtsushiSakai/PythonRobotics: Python sample codes and textbook https://github.com/AtsushiSakai/PythonRobotics

[19] Fundamentals of Python for Robotics Programming – ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358460576_Fundamentals_of_Python_for_Robotics_Programming

[20] Python in robotics and mechatronics education | IEEE Conference. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7547108/similar

[21] Programming a Robot with Python - Visual Components Academy. https://academy.visualcomponents.com/courses/python-robotics-programming-a-robot-with-python/

The 21st century is undeniably dominated by technology; within it, robotics is a technology with revolutionary potential. From industrial automation to advanced healthcare, robots are increasingly used in the texture of our lives. To ensure our students are prepared for the future, we must equip our educators with the tools and knowledge to introduce robotics concepts effectively. Python, a versatile and accessible programming language, offers a fantastic entry point for teachers and students to explore the fascinating world of robotics[1]. This article is meant to provide a senior secondary school teacher with an in-depth guide on teaching elementary robotic systems using Python programming and fostering an innovation and problem-solving culture in their classrooms. As a bioinformatician and chemist with background and recent experience at the interface of AI with drug discovery, vaccine development, and diagnostics, I see robotics and Python as key technologies to the future of personalized medicine and scientific research.

Unraveling Robotics: Peeling Back the Fundamental Components

Before delving into the specifics of Python programming, there is a need to understand the fundamental building blocks of any robotic system clearly. Understanding these elements will allow instructors to provide a more appropriate class framework and plan practical work accordingly. Sensors are the robot's interface to the outside world, allowing it to perceive its environment by converting physical events into electrical signals that the robot can understand. Sensors use these signals by the robot controller when making choices and taking action. Sensors include light, distance, temperature, and touch sensors. All of them are necessary to allow the robot to engage with the world around it effectively.

Actuators regulate the actions and motion of the robot. They convert electrical signals from the controller into motion, enabling the robot to perform various tasks. Motors are common actuators that rotate wheels, arms, or other moving components; servos produce precise angular control for robot joints; LEDs provide visual feedback; and speakers emit sound. Appropriate choice and regulation of actuators must be made to enable the robot's desired performance.

The controller is the brain of the robot, its central processing unit. It receives input from the sensors, processes it, and provides output to the actuators, governing the robot's behaviour. Microcontrollers are the most commonly used controllers in robotics projects, and Arduino[2], Raspberry Pi[3], and ESP32 are some of the widely used ones. Microcontrollers can be coded in Python to govern the robot's behaviour and create innovative and responsive systems.

Python: The Programming Language of Choice for Robotics Education

The widespread adoption of Python in all robotics applications is due to the many key benefits the language possesses. The top of these are ease and readability[4]. Writing Python code in its simple and straightforward syntax guarantees it to be comprehendible, to learn, and to be utilized by novices with little or no programming experience[5]. Simple to use removes students' focus from complicated syntax and enables them to concentrate on robotics-specific principles.

Simulations and graphical user interfaces allow students to observe the robot's behaviour in a simulated environment[6]. GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) allows direct communication with hardware peripherals, allowing the microcontroller to communicate with actuators and sensors. Libraries like NumPy and SciPy deliver efficient numerical computation and scientific computing packages, which are required for data analysis and signal processing in robotics-related tasks. OpenCV is a robust computer vision library that enables robots to "see" and interpret images and videos. ROS (Robot Operating System) is a flexible framework for building advanced robot systems, providing communication, planning, and control utilities[6][7]. Combined with the simplicity of Python, these libraries make it a flexible and multi-purpose language for robotics education[8].

Python's lack of dependency on a particular platform ensures that software can be run on any platform, including Windows, macOS, and Linux, and can consequently reach a broad audience. Its availability breaks the barriers to access and allows students to use the software with which they are most comfortable. Secondly, Python has a large community of developers with numerous resources, tutorials, and web forums for assistance and collaboration[9]. This community gives the instructors and students the assistance they need to succeed in their robot projects.

Bringing Robotics to Life: Practical Projects for Senior High School Students

Practical projects are necessary to solidify theoretical concepts and stimulate students' curiosity in robotics. One such time-honoured project is the Line-Following Robot, that was also leveraged by our team at Indonesia international Institute for Life Sciences or i3L. This involves autonomously making a robot travel a black line on white ground. Students are instructed in sensor integration, reading the line through light sensors, and motor control, instructing the motors to steer the robot around the line. They are instructed in feedback loops, implementing a control system to have the robot change course by sensor input. Another interesting project is the Obstacle-Avoiding Robot, wherein students are instructed to create a robot that will go around and avoid obstacles. Under supervision of i3L team, students learn the application of distance sensors, ultrasonic or infrared sensors, for sensing obstacles and path planning, creating algorithms to determine the shortest path around the obstacles for the robot. Students learn decision-making, where decisions are made with the help of sensor inputs, and the robot is instructed to make choices accordingly.

The Bluetooth-Controlled Robot Car is another possible project to undertake: creating a robot car controlled by a computer or smartphone using Bluetooth. Through this project, students learn Bluetooth communication, setting up a Bluetooth connection between the robot and control device, and wireless control, programming the robot to respond to actions using Bluetooth reception. Students can learn how to create mobile apps to control the robot. Building soccer-playing robots is a fun robotics introduction for students. This also aligns with my short-term interest because I am interested in similar advances in AI in drug discovery. Finally, students can build a robotic arm of simplicity. This robot is remote-controlled, picking and placing objects[10].

Introducing a new subject like robotics to class can be daunting, but instructors can create an enjoyable learning experience for students by approaching it correctly. One must embrace the learning process and not be afraid to learn alongside your students[11]. Adopting a growth mindset and exhibiting problem-solving can inspire students and create a sense of collaborative learning. Learning, after all, is a lifelong endeavour, and teachers can learn from the new.

Concepts and attitudes that students bring to the classroom.

In i3L, it starts with the fundamentals. Begin with fundamental programming concepts such as variables, data types, if-else and loops[12]. Move on to advanced subjects once students are comfortable, establishing a solid foundation for advanced subjects. Breaking down complicated tasks into simple steps avoids making students feel overwhelmed. It enables them to focus on a specific portion of the project and become confident while proceeding.

Encourage the students in large numbers to support them in being successful. Provide guidance and direction to struggling students and encourage them to collaborate with other students. Collaborative learning can build a feeling of community and offer opportunities for students to gain from each other's strengths and weaknesses. Encouraging creativity and experimentation are also imperative. Make the students experiment with different ways and test their code, thereby gaining from mistakes. Iterative process learning is important for developing problem-solving skills and fostering innovation.

To make learning robotics and Python exciting, include exciting projects and challenges[13]. Use games, competitions, and real-world applications to motivate students. By associating robotics with real-world problems, educators can demonstrate the use and applicability of technology and motivate students to use their skills to make the world a better place.

Including CSR and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Robotics for a Better World

Robotics education can be an effective tool to improve Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)[5][6]. By integrating such values into the curriculum, educators can educate students to use technology to do good for society and the world[14].

Admitting students to robotics projects to solve problems confronting the world is a worthwhile approach[15]. These include climate change, poverty, hunger, and access to safe water and sanitation[16]. The ethics of robotics, such as job displacement, algorithmic bias, and abuse of autonomous technology, must be resolved for ethical innovation. As I have already stated, intellectual property and copyright have to be addressed within the scope of AI's data-scraping, and bioethics is to be handled with care and proper respect given to informed consent in use areas where it has significance.

Interaction with local communities to know life problems that could be solved if robotics were employed is also beneficial [17][18][19]. Highlighting success stories and presenting examples of robotics applications in solving environmental and social issues worldwide can inspire students. Finally, educators can establish CSR funding and support and look for chances to partner with firms whose primary area of focus is CSR to access finance, resources, and advisory services for robotics education programs[20][21].

Conclusion: Building the Future, One Robot at a Time

Instructing rudimentary robotic systems with Python coding to high school seniors is a future investment. With the training and education of educators to instruct robotics, we are developing future leaders, innovators, and problem-solvers. By implementing hands-on experiments, basic programming for young children, and a focus on CSR and SDGs, we can achieve a paradigm-shifted learning process that encourages the application of technology for the welfare of this world.

Together with focused effort from policymakers, business executives, and educators, we can establish a thriving robotics community that motivates students to pursue their passion, acquire practical skills, and contribute to creating a better, greener, and more equitable world. Let us collectively construct a brighter future, robot by robot. I see in Indonesia an immense potential for such technologies to enable firms to have personalized medicine pipelines that contribute toward furthering the country-level interests in health innovation.

Acknowledgement

Thanks also go to Muammar Sadrawi, David Agustriawan, and Nanda Rizqia Pradana from bioinformatics department of i3L for assisting, working, and strategizing with this CSR project, as well as preparing the final report to i3L research and CSR department (LPPM i3L).

References:

[1] Anastasaki, Evangelia. (2015). STEAM - Educational Robotics: Moving from Scratch to Python Programming for Advanced Students.  https://eclass.uth.gr/modules/document/file.php/CS_P_107/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82%20%CE%A8%CF%85%CF%87%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82/Anastasaki%20Evangelia%202022%20%CE%9C%CE%94%CE%95%20%CE%BC%CE%B5%20%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7%20%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B7.pdf

[2] Construct.ai. (2025) Python for Robotics - Full Course for Beginners - The Construct https://www.theconstruct.ai/robotigniteacademy_learnros/ros-courses-library/python-robotics/

[3] Stemrobo. (NA). CSR Stem And Robotics Lab Setup In Schools By Stemrobo . https://www.stemrobo.com/csr-stem-and-robotics-lab-setup-in-schools-by-stemrobo-technologies/

[4] Sepetis, Anastasios., et al. (2020) Education for the Sustainable Development and Corporate Social esponsibility in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs): Evidence from Greece. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=100139

[5] Kyslitsyn, Vitalii., et al. (2024). APPLYING THE PYTHON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE AND ARDUINO ROBOTICS KITS IN THE PROCESS OF TRAINING FUTURE TEACHERS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE. https://journals.rta.lv/index.php/ETR/article/view/8026

[6] The Construct. (2025). Learning Python for Robotics - The Construct https://www.theconstruct.ai/learning-python-robotics/

[7] Sakai, Atsushi., et al. (2018). PythonRobotics: a Python code collection of robotics algorithms https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/PythonRobotics:-a-Python-code-collection-of-Sakai-Ingram/1bf2a13b4611b4009d58c968eb9a7e1d15c8c271

[8] Experthub Robotics. (2025). Fostering Innovation: Our CSR Initiatives in Robotics Community https://experthubrobotics.com/home/corporate-social-responsibility

[9] EPC. (2024). Integrating sustainability into robotics higher education courses https://epc.ac.uk/toolkit/integrating-sustainability-into-robotics-higher-education-courses/

[10] Joseph, Lentin. (2015). Learning robotics using Python - Robohub https://robohub.org/learning-robotics-using-python/

[11] Aziz, Abdul. (2021). Learn Robotics Programming : Build and Control AI-Enabled ... https://perpus.unikama.ac.id/id/learn-robotics-programming-build-and-control-ai-enabled-autonomous-robots-using-the-raspberry-pi-and-python/

[12] STEMPEDIA. (2022).  Impact Programs for STEM, Coding, AI and Robotics Skills https://thestempedia.com/educational-csr-and-govt-impact-program-stem-coding-tinkering-ai-and-robotics/

[13] Robohub. (2015). Learning robotics using Python - https://robohub.org/learning-robotics-using-python/

[14] Unikarma, Perpus. (2021). Learn Robotics Programming : Build and Control AI-Enabled ... https://perpus.unikama.ac.id/id/learn-robotics-programming-build-and-control-ai-enabled-autonomous-robots-using-the-raspberry-pi-and-python/

[15] Robotox. (2019).  Impact Programs for STEM, Coding, AI and Robotics Skills https://thestempedia.com/educational-csr-and-govt-impact-program-stem-coding-tinkering-ai-and-robotics/

[16] Fraanje, Rufus. (2016) .Python in robotics and mechatronics education - ResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306303995_Python_in_robotics_and_mechatronics_education

[17] Acrome. (2024). Using ACROME Educational Robotic Systems with Python Programming Language. https://acrome.net/post/using-acrome-educational-robotic-systems-with-python

[18] AtsushiSakai/PythonRobotics: Python sample codes and textbook https://github.com/AtsushiSakai/PythonRobotics

[19] Fundamentals of Python for Robotics Programming – ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358460576_Fundamentals_of_Python_for_Robotics_Programming

[20] Python in robotics and mechatronics education | IEEE Conference. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7547108/similar

[21] Programming a Robot with Python - Visual Components Academy. https://academy.visualcomponents.com/courses/python-robotics-programming-a-robot-with-python/

Editor:     Chief Editor